How to write a business plan
Thinking about starting a business? Great. Have you got a Plan? That's Plan with a capital "P" for Business Plan. If you haven't written your plan yet, your business is still in the fantasy stages.
If
you're starting a home-based business on a shoestring, some of these
suggestions probably aren't necessary, but you still should create a plan that
outlines your goals, expected costs, marketing plan and exit strategy. A
business plan is your road map for how you expect to succeed and how you'll
measure success. Here
is a quick guide to what you will need in your company's business plan: An executive summary
outlining goals and objectives. This summary is also important
as a communication tool for employees and potential customers who need to
understand — and get behind — your ideas. A brief account of how
the company began. Your company's goals. Biographies of the
management team. The service or product
you plan to offer. The market potential for
your service or product. A marketing strategy A three- to five-year
financial projection. An exit strategy.
The executive summary introduces your business strategy and probably is the
most important section for lending institutions. If you can't persuade a loan
officer in the first two or three pages that you've got a viable business
proposal, you're going to leave empty-handed.
Clearly explain the origins behind the company's creation and how you or your
business associate came up with the idea to start your business.
Explain in a few paragraphs your short- and long-term goals for the company.
How fast do you think it will grow? Who will be your primary customers?
The management section should include the names and backgrounds of lead members
of the management team and their respective responsibilities.
A key aspect of this section will be a discussion of how your product or
service differs from everything else on the market.
Remember that you've got to convince lenders, employees and others that the
market you're after is relatively large and growing. You'll need to do some
research for this section. If it's a locally-based business, you need to assess
the demand for your offering within an xx-mile radius, based on what you
determine is a reasonable distance from your business. If it's a Web-based
business or a business that relies on both the Internet and local traffic for
revenues, you'll need to evaluate demand on a local and/or a national basis. A
research report from sites such as Forrester Research can cost hundreds to
thousands of dollars. But you may be able to get some basic information simply
by using the Web and its many search engines and directories.
How do you plan to tell the world you're open for business? Will you rely
exclusively on word of mouth (not a good plan unless you've already got a
reputation)? Will you advertise in print, television or on the Web (or all
three)? Will you use online marketing tools like bCentral's Traffic
Builder to get your company listed on search engines and
advertised on other Web sites? You'll also need to include how much you plan to
spend on marketing.
This section should include a summary of your financial forecasts, with
spreadsheets showing the formula you used to reach your projections. You'll
need balance sheets, income statements and cash-flow projections for the entire
forecast period. The summary in this section is also where you would tell
prospective lenders how much money you'd like to borrow to cover your startup
costs. The assumptions that you make in this section will make or break your
company's success. If you're unsure about using this kind of financial modeling,
find a professional. It's worth the money.
All good business plans include a section that lays out the benchmarks you'll
use in deciding to call it quits. The strategy could be based on a dollar
figure, revenue growth, the market's reception to your idea, or a consensus
among top officers.